General information about materials used in 3D-printing:
Metals
Almost all metal materials are alloys composed of multiple elements. However, the alloy compositions used in 3D printing usually differ in properties from commonly used metals. This is due to the requirements imposed by both the printing processes and the intended applications. Some manufacturers do offer devices capable of printing completely non-alloyed materials, such as pure copper.
Metals (material extrusion)
When metal is printed using the material extrusion method, it usually involves a material composite, consisting of a binder (for example, wax) and metal powder. Generally, the metal powder makes up about 20% of the mixture. Some printers based on this method also use metal injection molding (MIM) materials for printing.
Links to manufacturer websites:
- Markforged: Metal X Materials
- BASF: Ultrafuse 316L Stainless steel
- MIM (Metal Injection Molding) materials
Metals (powder bed methods)
The alloy compositions and material properties of available metal powders also vary somewhat between manufacturers. Even if the same 3D model and the same brand of printer are used in production, the properties of the printed parts can differ significantly if different printing parameters are applied!
Links to manufacturer websites: